How to Distinguish Between Feline Panleukopenia and Upset Stomach: Signs of Impending Death

To determine whether your cat is suffering from feline panleukopenia (FP, commonly known as feline distemper) or simply an upset stomach, we can differentiate based on their medical history, clinical signs, and examination results.

1. Assessing Medical History

Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious viral disease, primarily spread through the air. Therefore, if your cat has been in contact with other cats, especially unvaccinated ones, and is showing the symptoms mentioned below, FP is more likely. An upset stomach, in contrast, is often linked to specific causes, like medication side effects, dietary indiscretions, infections, or underlying organ issues. By reviewing your cat's medical history, you can gain valuable insight into whether it's FP or a simple digestive issue. Knowing your cat's vaccination status is crucial here. An unvaccinated cat showing symptoms is at a higher risk of having Feline Panleukopenia.

2. Analyzing Clinical Signs

Typical clinical signs of feline panleukopenia include fever, diarrhea (often containing blood and pus), vomiting, and loss of appetite. While gastrointestinal distress can also cause fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and inappetence, the diarrhea associated with an upset stomach is less likely to contain blood and pus, and the fever will not be as pronounced. Furthermore, diarrhea caused by FP tends to persist, whereas a stomach upset might only trigger a single bout. Careful observation of these differences in clinical signs can help distinguish between these two conditions. Look for signs of lethargy and overall weakness which often accompanies Feline Panleukopenia.

3. Interpreting Examination Results

When symptoms remain unclear, diagnostic tests such as blood tests, ultrasounds, and X-rays may be required. Bloodwork from a cat with feline panleukopenia typically shows a high white blood cell count and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which are not common with an upset stomach. These findings help differentiate the two conditions. Feline Panleukopenia tests such as ELISA rapid test can provide immediate diagnostic information. If your cat is showing severe symptoms, consider bringing your cat to a vet for tests to determine if they have Feline Panleukopenia. Early detection can improve survival rates.

Signs of Impending Death from Feline Panleukopenia

Most cats with terminal feline panleukopenia succumb to severe systemic sepsis, hypoglycemia, severe anemia, bone marrow suppression, or thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Externally, you might notice pale mucous membranes (gums), extreme lethargy, and possibly painful vocalizations. Hypoglycemia typically becomes apparent in the 12 hours preceding death, often leading to symptoms such as opisthotonos (severe hyperextension of the neck and back), seizures, and circling behavior. These neurological signs may stem from hypoglycemia itself or from the direct effects of the panleukopenia virus on the cat's nervous system. The body will often appear very weak and frail due to low blood sugar levels and the cat's inability to digest food.

Bonus resource:Pet Knowledge